In This Article
By the Numbers
Asset-Based Lending in the U.S. - Key Statistics
$3.6 Trillion
Total ABL and factoring volume in the U.S., highlighting its significant role in commercial finance.
80%+ Approval
Typical approval rates for alternative lenders, compared to just 25-30% for small business loans from large banks.
24-72 Hours
Potential funding speed for some ABL facilities, dramatically faster than the weeks or months required for traditional bank loans.
Up to 90%
Common advance rate for high-quality accounts receivable, providing immediate access to the majority of an invoice's value.
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Apply Now →| Feature | Asset-Based Lending (ABL) | Traditional Business Loan |
|---|---|---|
| Primary Underwriting Focus | Value and quality of company assets (A/R, inventory, equipment). | Historical cash flow, profitability, credit history, and financial projections. |
| Loan Structure | Typically a revolving line of credit that fluctuates with asset values. | Usually a fixed-term loan with a set principal amount and a regular repayment schedule. |
| Flexibility | Highly flexible; borrowing capacity can increase as the business grows its asset base. | Less flexible; the loan amount is fixed at origination and does not grow with the business. |
| Approval Speed | Faster than traditional loans, often funded within days or a few weeks. | Slower process, typically taking several weeks to months due to extensive financial analysis. |
| Ideal Candidate | Businesses with strong assets but weaker cash flow, rapid growth, or in turnaround situations. | Established, profitable businesses with a long, stable operating history and strong credit. |
| Covenants | Primarily focused on asset quality and reporting. Fewer financial performance covenants (e.g., debt-service coverage ratio). | Often includes strict financial covenants that require maintaining certain profitability or liquidity ratios. |
| Reporting Requirements | Intensive and frequent; requires regular submission of borrowing base certificates, A/R aging, and inventory reports. | Less frequent; typically requires quarterly or annual financial statements. |
Key Insight: According to the Secured Finance Network, asset-based lending commitments often increase during periods of economic uncertainty. This is because ABL provides a reliable source of liquidity based on tangible assets, making it a resilient and counter-cyclical financing tool when traditional credit markets tighten.
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Start Your Application →Asset-based lending is a line of credit secured by assets, giving the business more control and confidentiality. Invoice factoring involves selling your invoices to a third party (the factor) at a discount. The factor then owns the invoices and typically collects payment directly from your customers. ABL is a loan, while factoring is a sale of assets.
Yes, it is possible. ABL lenders place much more emphasis on the quality and value of your business assets than on your personal credit score. While a very poor credit history or recent bankruptcy can be a factor, a strong asset base can often overcome a low credit score, which is a major advantage over traditional bank loans.
The borrowing base is calculated by applying an advance rate to the value of each eligible asset class. For example: (Eligible A/R Value x 85%) + (Eligible Inventory Value x 50%) + (Eligible Equipment Value x 70%) = Total Borrowing Base. The business can then borrow up to this calculated amount.
Several factors can make a receivable ineligible. Common reasons include being past due (typically over 90 or 120 days), being owed by a foreign customer without credit insurance, contra-accounts (where you both owe and are owed money by the same company), and high customer concentration (too many receivables from a single customer).
The timeline can vary depending on the complexity of the assets and the readiness of the business's financial records. It is significantly faster than traditional bank loans. A simple A/R-only line of credit can sometimes be funded in a few days to a week. A more complex deal involving inventory and equipment appraisals may take two to four weeks.
Interest rates for ABL are variable and are typically quoted as a spread over a benchmark rate like the Prime Rate or SOFR. The total cost is higher than a conventional bank loan due to the increased risk and management intensity. In addition to interest, borrowers should expect to pay fees for origination, field exams, appraisals, and ongoing monitoring.
For most ABL facilities, especially those including inventory or for larger loan amounts, a field exam is a standard and non-negotiable part of the due diligence process. It is the lender's primary method for verifying the existence and quality of the collateral. For smaller, A/R-only lines, some lenders may use alternative verification methods.
Initially, you will need a completed application, recent financial statements (balance sheet and income statement), and detailed reports for the assets you wish to pledge. This includes a current accounts receivable aging report and an inventory listing. As the process moves forward, you may need to provide tax returns, bank statements, and articles of incorporation.
Yes, a startup can qualify if it has sufficient collateral. For example, a new distribution company that has already secured large orders and generated significant accounts receivable could be a strong candidate. ABL can be an excellent way for new companies with strong initial sales to fund their early growth without a long financial history.
A lockbox is a bank account controlled by the lender where your customers send their payments directly. The lender uses these funds to pay down the loan balance before sweeping the excess cash to your business's operating account. It provides the lender with control over the cash collections. While very common in ABL, its specific structure can vary, with some arrangements being more "springing" (activated only under certain conditions) than others.
Absolutely. ABL is a very common tool for financing mergers and acquisitions (M&A). The loan can be secured by the assets of the company being acquired. This allows the buyer to leverage the target company's own balance sheet to help fund the purchase price, reducing the amount of equity needed for the transaction.
If the value of your assets declines, your borrowing base will also decrease. If your outstanding loan balance exceeds the new, lower borrowing base, this is called an "over-advance." The loan agreement will specify how this situation is handled. Typically, you will be required to pay down the balance to get back within the borrowing base limit, or the lender may freeze further advances until the situation is resolved.
It depends on the loan agreements. An ABL lender will typically have a first-priority lien on the assets securing their loan (e.g., A/R and inventory). It may be possible to have a separate term loan secured by other assets, like real estate, but this requires an intercreditor agreement between the lenders to establish who has priority in the event of a default. It's crucial to be transparent with all lenders.
Many businesses use ABL as a bridge to a more traditional financing solution. Once your company has established a stronger track record of profitability and cash flow, you can apply for a conventional bank line of credit. The proceeds from the new bank loan would be used to pay off the outstanding balance on the ABL facility, officially closing it out.
Minimum facility sizes vary by lender. Due to the costs of due diligence and ongoing monitoring, many lenders have minimums of $500,000 or $1 million. However, providers like Crestmont Capital offer more flexible solutions for small and mid-sized businesses, with programs that can start at lower thresholds depending on the asset quality and specific business needs.
Disclaimer: The information provided in this article is for general educational purposes only and is not financial, legal, or tax advice. Funding terms, qualifications, and product availability may vary and are subject to change without notice. Crestmont Capital does not guarantee approval, rates, or specific outcomes. For personalized information about your business funding options, contact our team directly.